Hung, H. T. (2017). Gamifying the flipped classroom using game-based learning materials. Educational Technology & Society , 20(3), 85–96.
Roediger, H. L., & Butler, A. C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 15(1), 20–27. kahoot rock
: Gamification, Kahoot!, geology education, rock cycle, formative assessment, student engagement 1. Introduction The rock cycle is a foundational concept in Earth science, yet students often struggle to memorize rock types, formation processes, and classification criteria. Traditional teaching methods—lectures, diagrams, and rock kits—can feel passive. In response, educators have turned to game-based platforms like Kahoot! (created by Morten Versvik et al., 2013) to introduce active, competitive learning. Hung, H
Educators adopting Kahoot! for Earth science should prioritize image-rich questions, post-question debriefs, and occasional team play to balance competition with collaboration. When implemented thoughtfully, “Kahoot Rock” turns a potentially dry topic into an energetic, memorable classroom experience. Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining “gamification”. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference , 9–15. Journal of Geoscience Education
Ford, D. J. (2005). The challenges of teaching the rock cycle. Journal of Geoscience Education , 53(2), 178–185.