Perihelion: Analysis of Earth’s Closest Point to the Sun

Contrary to common misconception, Earth is not closest to the Sun during the Northern Hemisphere’s summer (June). Instead, Earth reaches its closest point to the Sun—known as perihelion —every year in early January , typically between January 2nd and January 5th.

Earth’s orbit around the Sun is not a perfect circle but an ellipse (slightly oval-shaped). The Sun is not at the exact center but at one of the two foci. Therefore, Earth’s distance from the Sun changes throughout the year.

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