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Access ReportsFrom Italian all'arme (“to arms”), through Old French alarme . The variant alarum likely arose from phonetic spelling and Latinising tendencies in Early Modern English printing.
By the 18th century, alarm became standard. Alarum survived mainly in archaising poetry or legal phrases (“alarum and excursion”), but faded from common use. alarum download
While alarm is common today, the form alarum persisted for centuries in specific registers—most notably stage directions in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama (e.g., “Alarum within” in Shakespeare’s Macbeth ). From Italian all'arme (“to arms”), through Old French